macOS and Windows code signing is supported. Windows is dual code-signed (SHA1 & SHA256 hashing algorithms).
Code signing for iOS.; 3 minutes to read; In this article. IOS apps must be signed to run on real devices. In App Center, this process requires uploading valid signing files generated using Apple's code signing process.You must be able to successfully sign a valid app package locally before attempting to in App. A developer adds a digital signature to code or content using a unique private key from a code signing certificate; When a user downloads or encounters signed code, the user’s system software or application uses a public key to decrypt the signature. GlobalSign Code Signing Certificates can be used with the following systems: Parental controls (MCX), Keychain Access Controls, Developer Tools Access (DTA), App Sandbox, and Application Firewall. In order to sign applications to distribute through the app store, or to pass through Mac OS Gatekeeper, you must use an Apple Developer ID Certificate.
On a macOS development machine, a valid and appropriate identity from your keychain will be automatically used.
Tip
See article Notarizing your Electron application.
Env Name | Description |
---|---|
CSC_LINK | The HTTPS link (or base64-encoded data, or file:// link, or local path) to certificate (*.p12 or *.pfx file). Shorthand ~/ is supported (home directory). |
CSC_KEY_PASSWORD | The password to decrypt the certificate given in CSC_LINK . |
CSC_NAME | macOS-only Name of certificate (to retrieve from login.keychain). Useful on a development machine (not on CI) if you have several identities (otherwise don’t specify it). |
CSC_IDENTITY_AUTO_DISCOVERY | true or false . Defaults to true — on a macOS development machine valid and appropriate identity from your keychain will be automatically used. |
CSC_KEYCHAIN | The keychain name. Used if CSC_LINK is not specified. Defaults to system default keychain. |
Tip
If you are building Windows on macOS and need to set a different certificate and password (than the ones set in
CSC_*
env vars) you can use WIN_CSC_LINK
and WIN_CSC_KEY_PASSWORD
.Windows¶
To sign an app on Windows, there are two types of certificates:
- EV Code Signing Certificate
- Code Signing Certificate
Both certificates work with auto-update. The regular (and often cheaper) Code Signing Certificate shows a warning during installation that goes away once enough users installed your application and you’ve built up trust. The EV Certificate has more trust and thus works immediately without any warnings. However, it is not possible to export the EV Certificate as it is bound to a physical USB dongle. Thus, you can’t export the certificate for signing code on a CI, such as AppVeyor.
If you are using an EV Certificate, you need to provide win.certificateSubjectName in your electron-builder configuration.
If you use Windows 7, please ensure that PowerShell is updated to version 3.0.
If you are on Linux or Mac and you want sign a Windows app using EV Code Signing Certificate, please use the guide for Unix systems.
Travis, AppVeyor and other CI Servers¶
To sign app on build server you need to set
CSC_LINK
, CSC_KEY_PASSWORD
:- Export certificate. Consider to not use special characters (for bash[1]) in the password because “values are not escaped when your builds are executed”.
- Encode file to base64 (macOS:
base64 -i yourFile.p12 -o envValue.txt
, Linux:base64 yourFile.p12 > envValue.txt
).
Or upload
*.p12
file (e.g. on Google Drive, use direct link generator to get correct download link).- Set
CSC_LINK
andCSC_KEY_PASSWORD
environment variables. See Travis or AppVeyor documentation. Recommended to set it in the CI Project Settings, not in the.travis.yml
/appveyor.yml
. If you use link to file (not base64 encoded data), make sure to escape special characters (for bash[1]) accordingly.
In case of AppVeyor, don’t forget to click on lock icon to “Toggle variable encryption”.
Keep in mind that Windows is not able to handle enviroment variable values longer than 8192 characters, thus if the base64 representation of your certificate exceeds that limit, try re-exporting the certificate without including all the certificates in the certification path (they are not necessary, but the Certificate Manager export wizard ticks the option by default), otherwise the encoded value will be truncated.
[1]
printf '%qn' '<url>'
Where to Buy Code Signing Certificate¶
See Get a code signing certificate for Windows (platform: “Microsoft Authenticode”).Please note — Gatekeeper only recognises Apple digital certificates.
How to Export Certificate on macOS¶
- Open Keychain.
- Select
login
keychain, andMy Certificates
category. - Select all required certificates (hint: use cmd-click to select several):
Developer ID Application:
to sign app for macOS.3rd Party Mac Developer Application:
and3rd Party Mac Developer Installer:
to sign app for MAS (Mac App Store).Developer ID Application:
andDeveloper ID Installer
to sign app and installer for distribution outside of the Mac App Store.Mac Developer:
to sign development builds for testing Mac App Store submissions (mas-dev
target). You also need a provisioning profile in the working directory that matches this certificate and the device being used for testing.
Please note – you can select as many certificates as needed. No restrictions on electron-builder side. All selected certificates will be imported into temporary keychain on CI server.4. Open context menu and
Export
.How to Disable Code Signing During the Build Process on macOS¶
To disable Code Signing when building for macOS leave all the above vars unset except for
CSC_IDENTITY_AUTO_DISCOVERY
which needs to be set to false
. This can be done by running export CSC_IDENTITY_AUTO_DISCOVERY=false
. Another way — set
mac.identity
to null
. You can pass aditional configuration using CLI as well: -c.mac.identity=null
.This article applies to macOS only.
See also: Multiplatform Programming Guide
This article applies to iOS only.
See also: Multiplatform Programming Guide
│English (en) │
Note: For Apple Notarization requirements for kernel extensions and applications from Mojave 10.14.5 onwards (for kernel extensions from 7 April 2019 and for developers whose first use of their code signing certificate occurred from 7 April 2019) and for all software from Catalina 10.15 onwards that is not distributed via the App Store, see Notarization for macOS 10.14.5+
- 9How to install certificates on a second computer
Introduction
Code signing ensures both authenticity and integrity of executables that have been downloaded from wide area networks like the Internet. The discussion below applies equally to App Store distribution and distribution outside the App Store.
Code signing is required in iOS. On macOS 10.7 and later, it enables programs downloaded from the Internet to be opened without any warnings (if they are signed with an Apple-issued certificate) and it is required when using certain functionality (eg APIs used by debuggers; note that in this case a self-signed certificate that is marked as 'trusted' suffices). This functionality is performed by Apple's Gatekeeper software.
The evolution of Gatekeeper
https://entrancementarchive651.weebly.com/vocal-magic-vst-plugin-free-download.html. Gatekeeper, first introduced in Mountain Lion (10.8, 2012), is a Mac security feature that was designed to protect Apple computers from malicious software. Gatekeeper checks applications against the list of apps that Apple has approved for its App Store or have been code signed by developers who have Apple-issued certificates where the application is not offered through the app store. It does not perform any safety checks by itself, other than that the application wasn't changed since the developer signed it, nor does it offer any guarantees about the developer other than that they are paying Apple $US 99 per year (aka an 'Identified Developer').
The original Gatekeeper options introduced in Mountain Lion, accessed from Preferences > Security and Privacy > General, were:
- App Store
- App Store and Identified Developers
- Anywhere
By choosing the Anywhere option, the user was once able to entirely disable Gatekeeper. The default setting only allowed the launching of applications from the App Store or from a developer who had signed their application with an Apple-issued certificate.
When macOS Sierra was released in 2016, Apple made some important changes to Gatekeeper and limited the the Gatekeeper options to:
- App Store
- App Store and Identified Developers
However, you can restore the missing Gatekeeper Anywhere' option in Preferences by opening a terminal and executing the command:
which still works up to and including macOS Catalina. The better, as in more secure, alternative was to instead bypass Gatekeeper by opening the application from the right-click context menu or by control clicking on the application. This still triggered the alert dialog but it now contained an Open button to successfully launch the application. This method of bypassing Gatekeeper still works in macOS Catalina.
Gatekeeper Dialogs
- Simple warning after opening a downloaded application in Leopard.
- Default settings are more strict in Mavericks, where they prevent downloaded unsigned apps from being started via double-clicking.
- If the application is launched via context menu in Mavericks a simple warning is displayed similar to that of earlier versions.
- Gatekeeper shows a simplified warning, if a code-signed app has been downloaded and launched for the first time. https://powerupdesigner961.weebly.com/evernote-mac-download.html. In subsequent launches the program is starts immediately.
- Overview of code-signing a program written with Lazarus and Free Pascal
Overview
The basic steps to sign an application that has been written with Lazarus and/or Free Pascal are:
- Obtain a Developer ID from Apple and install it in your system's key chain.
- Note the alphanumeric key of your Developer ID (aka TeamIdentifier).
- Sign your application with the codesign command.
- Sign your installer pkg with the productsign command.
It is not possible to use certificates from third-party providers like Comodo because they will not pass Gatekeeper which requires an Apple developer issued certificate. Also note that you cannot sign Windows applications with the Apple developer certificate (this time you do need a third-party Comodo etc certificate).
A macOS application distributed outside the Mac App Store will generally have 3–4 separate layers of signing:
- The application itself will be code signed using an application certificate.
- If the application has an installer, the package file will be signed using an installer certificate.
- The disk image containing the application or installer will be signed using an application certificate.
- The disk image will notarized, and then the ticket generated by the notary service will be stapled to it.
Gatekeeper requirements
- Your application should be standalone with no unacceptable external dependencies. The only acceptable external dependencies are system libraries. All other dependencies should be copied to your MyApp.app bundle folder. Gatekeeper rejects any application that has non-system external dependencies.
Purchase Code Signing Certificate
- All binary files inside MyApp.app should be code signed.
- All binary files should be located in standard locations inside the MyApp.app bundle folder. Refer to the table below.
Location | Description |
---|---|
Contents | Top content directory of the bundle |
Contents/MacOS | Main executable; helper apps and tools |
Contents/Frameworks | Frameworks, dylibs |
Contents/PlugIns | Plug-ins, both loadable and extensions |
Contents/XPCServices | XPC services |
Contents/Helpers | Helper apps and tools |
Contents/Library/Automator | Automator actions |
Contents/Library/Spotlight | Spotlight importers |
Contents/Library/LoginItems | Installable login items |
Contents/Library/LaunchServices | Privileged helper tools installed by the ServiceManagement framework |
Note: No non-binary files should ever be located in the folders specified in the table above.
Using codesign to sign your application
1. Sign your application with:
2. Display basic information about the result of the signing process:
If your application was successfully signed this command will return information similar to this:
3. Verify your signature:
If your app was successfully signed this command will return the strings 'valid on disk' and 'satisfies its Designated Requirement', respectively, after the path to your application.
Using productsign to sign your pkg installer
1. Sign your installer pkg file with:
2. Verify your signature with: Netbeans with jdk 8 download for mac.
which should yield information similar to this if it was successful:
Using codesign to sign your disk image
Will Code Signing Certificate Work With Mac Apps Online
Beginning in macOS 10.11.5, you can apply a code signature to read-only, compressed disk images that you use to distribute content. In this case you do not need to separately sign your application.
1. Sign your disk image with:
2. Verify your signature with:
which should yield information similar to this if it was successful:
After 3 February 2020 Apple is fully enforcing notarization for macOS 10.14.5+ (Mojave) with the consequence that the above verification of your disk image will now return information similar to this:
See Notarization for macOS 10.14.5+ for more details.
How to install certificates on a second computer
There are two ways to do this: https://internetmarketingpowerup586.weebly.com/old-hindi-movies-download-torrent.html.
- using the Keychain Access application; and
- using Xcode.
Using the Keychain Access application
- On the first computer which has the certificates, open the Keychain Access application and create a new keychain. Now select your existing login keychain, and then My Certificates. Your certificates should be shown on the right. There should be a disclosure arrow on the left side, and selecting that should reveal your private key. Select each certificate, and copy and paste (do not drag or you'll remove it from your login keychain) it into your new keychain.
- Copy the newly created keychain from your first computer to your second computer, open it with the Keychain Access application and copy/paste/drag the certificate to your second computer's login keychain.
Using Xcode
- On the first computer which has the certificates, open Xcode and go to Preferences > Accounts, select your account, select the gear symbol in the bottom left, choose Export Apple ID and Code Signing Assets, and then save the file.
- Copy the developer profile file you saved on your first computer to the second computer, open Xcode, go to Preferences > Accounts, select your account, select the gear symbol in the bottom left, and then choose Import Apple ID and Code Signing Assets.
See also
External links
Retrieved from 'https://wiki.freepascal.org/index.php?title=Code_Signing_for_macOS&oldid=140831'